Drug Paraphernalia And The Commonwealth Challenge Program

Darren DelPapa is a sixteen year old male who is currently on courtesy probation supervision in Portsmouth, for charges that occurred in Chesapeake. Charges before the Chesapeake Juvenile and Domestic Relations court were possession of drug paraphernalia, amended from possession of a controlled substance and a curfew citation. The charges were taken under advisement for a period of one year, and Darren was allowed to enroll in the Commonwealth Challenge program in Virginia Beach. He was ordered onto probation, at any time he was not in the Commonwealth Challenge program. Program requirements of the Commonwealth Challenge program do not allow individuals to be on probation as a condition of entry, hence the order of the court. Darren†¦show more content†¦Darren s general attitude toward education is positive; he believes there is a definite benefit to his education and believes the school environment is somewhat encouraging and supportive. Darren is no longer on the baseball team at school, but he has played at various levels since he was 10 years old. Darren wants to graduate and join the military or become a welder. Both Darren and the Freemans feel education is very important to one’s success. Darren currently lives with his guardians, their children, and a sibling. Darren follows household rules and expectations. Darren is consistently subject to appropriate consequences for bad behavior and consistently receives appropriate rewards for good behavior. His guardians always practice good supervision. His guardians clearly disapprove of his behavior. Darren s home includes very little conflict, and the guardian’s authority is accepted and respected by the children. Darren has never run away or been kicked out of the house. His family provides numerous opportunities for growth and always provides love, caring and support. Darren has good relationships with his guardians, their children, and his siblings. There is a strong social support network for Darren s family. Since he was charged with the current offenses, Darren reportedly has peers who have a positive and pro-social influence who are approximately his same age. There are indications Darren previously would be i nfluenced by delinquent peersShow MoreRelatedChesapeake Police Officer Allison Ostman1360 Words   |  6 Pagesintake contact from Chesapeake, Virginia, which are the current offenses. Darren has had an intake contact for a felony offense, which was amended to a misdemeanor offense. The possession of a controlled substance was amended to possession of drug paraphernalia. He also received a curfew citation. Darren was under the influence of marijuana at the time of the current offenses. Darren has had no contact with any other Virginia Court Service Units or other states Court Service Units, which resulted inRead MoreZero Tolerance Policies And School Discipline10009 Words   |  41 Pagesthese same divisions had lower on-time graduation rates than those divisions that did not utilize such means. Background Zero tolerance is one of the influences from the Regan years and was designed as a means to severely punish those involved in drugs according to researcher Dr. Karen Walker. From there, according to Walker, zero tolerance found its way into schools with the passage of the Federal Gun-Free Schools of 1994. This act declared that anyone who brought a firearm onto a school campusRead MoreFundamentals of Hrm263904 Words   |  1056 PagesKnowledge Workers 7 Paying Employees Market Value 8 Communications 8 Decentralized Work Sites 8 Skill Levels 8 A Legal Concern 8 Employee Involvement 20 How Organizations Involve Employees 20 Employee Involvement Implications for HRM 20 Other HRM Challenges 21 Recession 21 Off Shoring 21 Mergers 22 A Look at Ethics 22 Summary 23 Demonstrating Comprehension: Questions for Review 24 Key Terms 24 HRM Workshop 25 Linking Concepts to Practice: Discussion Questions 25 Developing Diagnostic and AnalyticalRead MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 Pagesmembers of their congregations, they owe a great debt to Rastafarianism for reminding them of the cultural history of race in religion. If Jamaicans have evolved a language that is willing to see in itself a quality of resistance and creativity that challenges the control of the colonial structure, it owes much of this to the music of the Rastafarians and to the way that it has transformed the way Jamaicans view themselves in the world. These are all some of the ideas that Edmonds helps us to appreciate

Influenza in the Elderly - 1248 Words

Influenza in the elderly: What you need to know Access to health care services Influenza is a serious but common respiratory illness. The flu usually occurs in 15-25% of the worlds human population each year. This illness typically has a low death rate, with average overall mortality rates of 0.1% (Pierce Black 2008: 1). However, the elderly are one of the more susceptible populations to contracting influenza and suffer more severe consequences than healthy adults as a result of being exposed to the flu. It is true that the elderly often have the advantage of being connected to regular healthcare services. Elderly patients do not have the issue of lacking insurance, unlike their younger counterparts, given that they have Medicare coverage through the government, as well as any private insurance they might possess. However, the elderly may also be more likely to be socially isolated than their younger counterparts, and lack transportation to clinics and pharmacies where they can obtain low-cost flu shots. The efficacy of the flu vaccine has long been noted: there is overwhelming evidence for the clinical efficacy of the influenza vaccine, especially in the elderly with chronic disease, reducing mortality and hospital admissions. There is also evidence to suggest that the influenza vaccine may be beneficial in the healthy elderly (Morgan King 1996: 339). Thus, there is a need to increase compliance amongst the elderly in getting a flu shot on an annualShow MoreRelatedInfluenza And The Elderly : Epidemic1920 Words   |  8 PagesInfluenza and the Elderly The last few days of summer are upon us, the leaves are beginning to change and it is once again fall in East Tennessee. While many are beginning to enjoy a relaxing break before the stresses of winter and the holidays, healthcare providers are bracing for the rush. The rush I speak of is that of doctor’s offices which are over run with those complaining of fevers, aches, and chills. Influenza season begins as early as August and can run as long as in to late March. ThoseRead MoreInfluenza Is An Acute Viral Infection1341 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction (.5 pages) Seasonal influenza commonly referred to as the â€Å"flu† is an acute viral infection caused by the influenza virus that can have possibly devastating effects on a community (â€Å"Influenza (Seasonal),† 2014). Seasonal influenza viruses cause annual epidemics that peak during the winter but can begin as early as late fall and last through early spring (â€Å"Prevention and Control of Influenza,† 2008). Influenza infections in the US affect a large amount of the US population. On averageRead MoreInfluenza Vaccines And The Flu Vaccine1519 Words   |  7 PagesInfluenza Vaccines Summary This paper explores published works related to patients who received the flu vaccine who were sixty-five years and older. The evaluated articles examine the effectiveness the flu vaccine had on the patient population of sixty-five years and older in relation to avoiding the flu and pneumonia diseases and hospitalizations, in this group of patients. It has been conceded for years that senior adults age sixty-five and older are at greater risk from an influenza illness andRead MoreThe Flu Shot: Why Do I Need to Get It? Essay1568 Words   |  7 Pageschildren all the way to the elderly population. First of all, what is the flu vaccine and its purpose? According to Wikipedia, The influenza vaccination is an annual vaccination using a vaccine specific for a given year to protect against the highly variable influenza virus. Each influenza vaccine contains antigens representing three (trivalent vaccine) or four (quadrivalent vaccine) influenza virus strains: one influenza type A subtype H1 N1 virus strain, one influenza type A subtype H3N2 virus strainRead MoreIn a Written Paper of 1,200-1,500 Words, Apply the Concepts of Epidemiology and Nursing Research to a Communicable Disease.1408 Words   |  6 PagesInfluenza Introduction Influenza is among the most prevalent infectious airborne viral diseases that affect the respiratory system. According to the World Health Organization (2016), the infection majorly affects the throat, nose, and the bronchi, and on rare occasions, it may affect the lungs. Also commonly known as the flu, influenza infection is characterized by sneezing, itchy and running nose as well as throat inflammation. The initial signs and symptoms include fever with temperatures higherRead More INFLUENZA Essay1582 Words   |  7 PagesINFLUENZA Introduction One can claim that influenza is an infection that has victimized people from just about every generation that we have known. The term Influenza comes from the Latin word influentia, first used by the Italians in the 1600s. It is a highly contagious infection particulary of the respiratory tract.In addition to us humans, influenza can occur in pigs, horses, and several other mammals as well as in certain wild and birds. It can also jump from specie to specie as observedRead MoreInfluenza is caused by an RNA virus from the Orthomyxoviridae family (that consists of the genera700 Words   |  3 PagesInfluenza is caused by an RNA virus from the Orthomyxoviridae family (that consists of the genera influenza A, B, and C). Human influenza A and B viruses cause seasonal epidemics almost each winter within the United States. Influenza type B infects humans only, therefore it is unable of undergoing a mutation. Pandemics are caused solely by influenza A strains. The emergence of a new and completely different influenza virus to infect people will cause an influenza pandemic. Influenza kind C infectionsRead MoreEssay On Critical Evaluation Of Control Plan1112 Words   |  5 Pages5. Critical evaluation of control strategies within plans 5.1 Surveillance and detection As influenza is a global virus, surveillance is carried out at several levels: globally by the WHO’s Global Influenza Programme (GIP); regionally, for example European surveillance; and nationally by each countrys own surveillance systems (Johnson et al., 2010; WHO, 2017c). Various other global data sharing websites, for example FluNet and FluID provide up-to-date global surveillance information, allowing nationalRead MoreVaccine and Influenza Illness Essay1230 Words   |  5 PagesGrant Wade April 22, 2001 Influenza Influenza Influenza, also known as the flu, is a virus that infects the respiratory tract. Although Influenza is not as severe as many viral infections it is almost the worst for viral infections of the respiratory tract. Typically, when someone is infected with influenza they experience fever (usually 100 ° to 103 °F in adults, but even higher in children) and causes a cough, sore throat, runny or stuffy nose, and also headaches, muscle aches, and usuallyRead More INFLUENZA Essay examples1179 Words   |  5 Pages Influenza, also known as â€Å"the flu,† is a virus that infects the respiratory tract. Although Influenza is not as severe as many viral infections its almost the worst for viral infections of the respiratory tract. Typically, when someone is infected with influenza they experience fever (usually 100 ° to 103 °F in adults, but even higher in children) and causes a cough, sore throat, runny or stuffy nose, and also headaches, muscle aches, and usually extreme tiredn ess. There are sometimes other symptoms

Federal Trade Comission Free Essays

In the given case, the Federal Trade Commission claimed that Texas Surgeons Independent Practice Association(IPA) of 26 general surgeons in the Austin, Texas and six competing medical practice groups who are the members of this association (the respondents), Texas Surgeons P. A. (â€Å"Texas Surgeons†), Austin Surgeons, P. We will write a custom essay sample on Federal Trade Comission or any similar topic only for you Order Now L. L. C. (â€Å"AS†), Austin Surgical Clinic Association, P. A. (â€Å"ASCA†), Bruce McDonald Associates, P. L. L. C. (â€Å"BMA†), Capital Surgeons Group, P. L. L. C. (â€Å"CSG†), Central Texas Surgical Associates, P. A. (â€Å"CTSA†), and Surgical Associates of Austin, P. A. (â€Å"SAA†), violated Section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act, 15 U. S. C.  § 45 by engaging in unlawful act of price fixing. FTC alleged complaint that the IPA organized collective refused to deal with two health plans, Blue cross Blue Shield and United Health Care of Texas, terminated the contract with Blue Cross Blue Shield and threatened to terminate contracts with the United Health Care of Texas if the payer refuse to agree with their demand of raising reimbursement rate. As per demand, both plans increased their rates. Blue Cross accepted a rate agreement with the respondents in early 1998 after facing problems getting an emergency room patient treated by a general surgeon. The respondents collectively secured rate agreement resulted nearly 30% above the April 1997 level. In this case, the practices of the respondents went against the welfare of the public, constitute unfair methods of competition and antitrust actions. This anti competitive action cost health plan, employers and patients, more than $1,000,000 for surgical services in 1998 and 1999 in the Austin, Texas area. In the mid-1970, the FTC formed a section within the Bureau of Competition to investigate potential anti trust violations involving healthcare. In the health care area, as in the case of any other field, the antitrust laws are enforced so check not only possible competitive harm but also the potential for pro competitive increase in efficiency, lower health care cost, provide better quality care to the consumers, enhance innovative strategy to provide improved quality care at low cost. Federal antitrust guidelines allow independent physicians to appoint a representative messenger to communicate with payers about fees and contract terms, but annot represent the competing physicians collectively. However, in this case, the Texas Surgeons IPA served as a vehicle for the six respondent medical practice groups to engage in actual refusals to deal, and to negotiate collectively, in order to receive higher prices from Blue Cross Blue Shield of Texas and United Healthcare of Texas. The six r espondent medical practice groups furthered the unlawful act through their collective control of the Texas Surgeons IPA board of directors, and through their direct participation in collective fee negotiations between United and the Texas Surgeons IPA. The commission proposed a consent order as a remedy to prevent the respondent from getting indulge in future unlawful act that is alleged in the complaint while allowing respondents to engage in legitimate joint conduct. The proposed order prohibits the IPA from a) negotiating on behalf of any physician with health plans b) refusing to deal with health plan or threatening health plans to agree on their demand c) exchanging information among Austin area physicians regarding negotiations with any health plan regarding reimbursement terms d) determining the terms on which its members deal with health plans. The order contains three provisos that permit the respondents to 1. Negotiate for physicians limited to the same medical practice group; 2. Engage in conduct approved and supervised by the state of Texas; and 3. Engage in conduct that is reasonably necessary to operate ‘qualified risk- sharing joint arrangements- so long as they give adequate pre- notification. The commission’s proposal allows the IPA to avoid such claims of price- fixing and antitrust if it acts in one of two ways: ) Financial Risk Sharing: As a qualified managed care plan which allows competing providers to negotiate prices jointly without being charged with price fixing act by the Federal antitrust agencies if they share substantial financial risk on contracts . It means that participating providers share responsibility for staying within a defined budget. The antitrust agencies believe that the competing providers should work together to achieve common, procompetitive goals of reducing cost and impro ving quality. Share incentives could also focus on â€Å"quality† or Health outcome† factors. Both the way of risk sharing has potential of providing high quality care to the patient at low cost. 2) Messenger Model: The fifth provision (Section II. A. 5 of the proposed order) ensures that a neutral third party who is not a physician with an active practice in the Austin area, be the communicator between any respondent and any payer to deal with any terms. Under this arrangement, the network organization does not negotiate agreement with the payer about any term or price; it allows the individual providers to make an individual decision, based on proposal from payer. Physician individually, through third party, conveys and receives information, offers, and responses from the payers or providers. However, the individual providers can give â€Å"sign off† authority to network organization within specified range. In addition, the commission order ensures that any respondent who are intending to use messenger model arrangement should provide prior notification to the commission. Price- fixing agreements among the competitors are not accepted by law. It is considered serious act because the consumers, plans and employers pay heavy price for it such as, †¢ Consumers loss the benefits of competition Increases the health care cost; Blue Cross, United, their individual subscribers, and employers paid more than one million dollars were paid for the services of surgeons. Therefore, review of such cases is crucial to encourage the competitor to work together as a team to improve quality of services, while reducing cost. References http://www. cro well. com/documents/DOCASSOCFKTYPE_PRESENTATIONS_705. pdf http://www. accessmylibrary. com/article-1G1-77013366/texas-surgeons-settle-price. html http://www. ftc. gov/os/2000/05/texascmp. htm How to cite Federal Trade Comission, Papers Federal Trade Comission Free Essays In the given case, the Federal Trade Commission claimed that Texas Surgeons Independent Practice Association(IPA) of 26 general surgeons in the Austin, Texas and six competing medical practice groups who are the members of this association (the respondents), Texas Surgeons P. A. (â€Å"Texas Surgeons†), Austin Surgeons, P. We will write a custom essay sample on Federal Trade Comission or any similar topic only for you Order Now L. L. C. (â€Å"AS†), Austin Surgical Clinic Association, P. A. (â€Å"ASCA†), Bruce McDonald Associates, P. L. L. C. (â€Å"BMA†), Capital Surgeons Group, P. L. L. C. (â€Å"CSG†), Central Texas Surgical Associates, P. A. (â€Å"CTSA†), and Surgical Associates of Austin, P. A. (â€Å"SAA†), violated Section 5 of the Federal Trade Commission Act, 15 U. S. C.  § 45 by engaging in unlawful act of price fixing. FTC alleged complaint that the IPA organized collective refused to deal with two health plans, Blue cross Blue Shield and United Health Care of Texas, terminated the contract with Blue Cross Blue Shield and threatened to terminate contracts with the United Health Care of Texas if the payer refuse to agree with their demand of raising reimbursement rate. As per demand, both plans increased their rates. Blue Cross accepted a rate agreement with the respondents in early 1998 after facing problems getting an emergency room patient treated by a general surgeon. The respondents collectively secured rate agreement resulted nearly 30% above the April 1997 level. In this case, the practices of the respondents went against the welfare of the public, constitute unfair methods of competition and antitrust actions. This anti competitive action cost health plan, employers and patients, more than $1,000,000 for surgical services in 1998 and 1999 in the Austin, Texas area. In the mid-1970, the FTC formed a section within the Bureau of Competition to investigate potential anti trust violations involving healthcare. In the health care area, as in the case of any other field, the antitrust laws are enforced so check not only possible competitive harm but also the potential for pro competitive increase in efficiency, lower health care cost, provide better quality care to the consumers, enhance innovative strategy to provide improved quality care at low cost. Federal antitrust guidelines allow independent physicians to appoint a representative messenger to communicate with payers about fees and contract terms, but annot represent the competing physicians collectively. However, in this case, the Texas Surgeons IPA served as a vehicle for the six respondent medical practice groups to engage in actual refusals to deal, and to negotiate collectively, in order to receive higher prices from Blue Cross Blue Shield of Texas and United Healthcare of Texas. The six r espondent medical practice groups furthered the unlawful act through their collective control of the Texas Surgeons IPA board of directors, and through their direct participation in collective fee negotiations between United and the Texas Surgeons IPA. The commission proposed a consent order as a remedy to prevent the respondent from getting indulge in future unlawful act that is alleged in the complaint while allowing respondents to engage in legitimate joint conduct. The proposed order prohibits the IPA from a) negotiating on behalf of any physician with health plans b) refusing to deal with health plan or threatening health plans to agree on their demand c) exchanging information among Austin area physicians regarding negotiations with any health plan regarding reimbursement terms d) determining the terms on which its members deal with health plans. The order contains three provisos that permit the respondents to 1. Negotiate for physicians limited to the same medical practice group; 2. Engage in conduct approved and supervised by the state of Texas; and 3. Engage in conduct that is reasonably necessary to operate ‘qualified risk- sharing joint arrangements- so long as they give adequate pre- notification. The commission’s proposal allows the IPA to avoid such claims of price- fixing and antitrust if it acts in one of two ways: ) Financial Risk Sharing: As a qualified managed care plan which allows competing providers to negotiate prices jointly without being charged with price fixing act by the Federal antitrust agencies if they share substantial financial risk on contracts . It means that participating providers share responsibility for staying within a defined budget. The antitrust agencies believe that the competing providers should work together to achieve common, procompetitive goals of reducing cost and impro ving quality. Share incentives could also focus on â€Å"quality† or Health outcome† factors. Both the way of risk sharing has potential of providing high quality care to the patient at low cost. 2) Messenger Model: The fifth provision (Section II. A. 5 of the proposed order) ensures that a neutral third party who is not a physician with an active practice in the Austin area, be the communicator between any respondent and any payer to deal with any terms. Under this arrangement, the network organization does not negotiate agreement with the payer about any term or price; it allows the individual providers to make an individual decision, based on proposal from payer. Physician individually, through third party, conveys and receives information, offers, and responses from the payers or providers. However, the individual providers can give â€Å"sign off† authority to network organization within specified range. In addition, the commission order ensures that any respondent who are intending to use messenger model arrangement should provide prior notification to the commission. Price- fixing agreements among the competitors are not accepted by law. It is considered serious act because the consumers, plans and employers pay heavy price for it such as, †¢ Consumers loss the benefits of competition Increases the health care cost; Blue Cross, United, their individual subscribers, and employers paid more than one million dollars were paid for the services of surgeons. Therefore, review of such cases is crucial to encourage the competitor to work together as a team to improve quality of services, while reducing cost. References http://www. cro well. com/documents/DOCASSOCFKTYPE_PRESENTATIONS_705. pdf http://www. accessmylibrary. com/article-1G1-77013366/texas-surgeons-settle-price. html http://www. ftc. gov/os/2000/05/texascmp. htm How to cite Federal Trade Comission, Essay examples

Cybercrime and Information Systems Controls- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theCybercrime and Information Systems Controlsfor iPremier. Answer: Introduction The report aimed to study a case of DoS attack incident occurred in iPremier organization during January 2009. iPremier is successful web-based high-end retailer organization; during 2009, the organization was shut down by Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attack. However, series of event occurred before, during and after the cyber attack; the case study clearly stated all of them. In short, Jack Samuelson, CEO appointed Bob Turley as CIO; Joanne Ripley was Tech Team leader, Leon Ledbetter worked as tech specialist and Leon detected the attack. Bob Turley was distant from iPremier headquarters; so he took follow-up of everything over phone calls. Joanne Ripley reached data center for taking preventive actions on her own; without any precautions considered. CEO, Jack Samuelson took authority for taking corrective actions against DDoS attack; he was distant from the incident too. Apparently, all measures in iPremier failed to stop the DDoS attack; they had to wait until the attack s tops and security breach occurred. In this report, the researchers have provided critical evaluation of iPremier management activities related to information security. The critical evaluation is followed with COBIT security control objectives. Certain justifications were discussed about whether security was foremost priority for iPremier or not. Furthermore, three measures are mentioned in the report that is taken so that DoS attack can be prevented. However, these actions were obvious failure from preventing the attack from happening. The CIO thought about pulling off cord, shutting off power thing. As per realistic thinking, shutting off power and pulling out cords could lead to loss of log files. Therefore, log data recovery will be minimal for clients and higher authority. Some internal controls are mentioned in later sections so that iPremier can detect, prevent and correct their operations in cyber security. For iPremier case study, some measures were available that could be adopted for preventing the cyber attack. Data center monitoring: CIO Bob Turley asked Leon Ledbetter for calling data center professionals to look into obvious hacked incident. iPremier retailer organization had recruited 24/7 monitoring professionals for performing investigations, daily assessments, and network monitoring activities. However, Joanne Ripley reached the datacenter at QData and came to know that datacenter professional was at vacation in Aruba. For the time being, the web server was rebooted; however, source of attack was unknown and attack was not stopped. Joanne Ripley tried to shut down the traffic from attacking addresses; but the attackers spawned zombies. Every time Joanne tried to shut down traffic from single attackers address; shut down zombie triggers attack from ten other sites and the attack continued. Emergency procedures: Bob Turley mentioned about emergency procedures; whether it can be adopted for stopping the attack. Joanne Ripley served the information that the organization had two binders; both are out of date. Physical measures: Bob Turley thought of pulling off plugs, disconnect communication links, power cards; shutting off the power to stop credit card being stolen. Their network engineer had protested; it will ruin everything. Tim answered that this will cause loss of logging data. There will be huge public disclosure issues as well. On the contrary, detailed logging is disabled in servers and hence, log preservation is irrelevant. Since, detailed logging consumes more disk space; finance managers were not willing to pay for additional disk spaces. However, if additional disk spaces were available and detailed logging was enabled; then detailed log data was stored. The iPremier authority could have this particular attack evidence based on technical details and timestamps mentioned in log files. However, to protect smaller log files, Tim asked Bob Turley not to take any physical measures whatsoever. If iPremier retailer organization requires to in-source their data center, they should consider some preventive, detection and corrective measures as internal control. The internal controls are mentioned as following: Detect DoS Attack: The iPremier runs their own server and therefore, they are able to identify when they are under attack. Therefore, the server end, IT professional end should have proper information about DoS attacks and they IT departments should have emergency procedures installed in system. It is recommended that DoS attack should be detected at from very first minute the website is hacked; otherwise, the sensitive information could be stolen. Sooner the attack is detected; the sooner network professionals can start taking preventive measures. Prevent at Network Perimeter: Few technical measures exist that can be considered for partial mitigation of attack effects. Especially when the attack started; in first few minutes, some technical measures can be considered in simple way. For instance, CIO, tech specialist, tech team leader can take certain actions as: Provide limit on bandwidth over router for controlling the web server being overwhelmed Add necessary filters to pass router for dropping network packets that are sent from obvious attack source Provide timeout with half-open connections immediately Drop spoofed or distorted network packets Set lower UDP, SYN, and ICMP flood drop thresholds However, some software and analytics tools should be implemented in the server end. ISP and network hosting should be null routed in order to bypass the infected network packets from genuine routers. Create DoS playbook: The best corrective measure is to create DoS playbook in the organization. DoS attack playbook should document every details of steps that should be followed for pre-planned response in case of attack. Playbook should include a fit out plan with all contact person names and contact number, addresses mentioned. Bibliography Anwar, S., Mohamad Zain, J., Zolkipli, M. F., Inayat, Z., Khan, S., Anthony, B., Chang, V. (2017). From Intrusion Detection to an Intrusion Response System: Fundamentals, Requirements, and Future Directions.Algorithms,10(2), 39. Bartariya, S., Rastogi, A. (2016). Security in wireless sensor networks: Attacks and solutions.environment,5(3). Chlela, M., Mascarella, D., Joos, G., Kassouf, M. (2017). Fallback Control for Isochronous Energy Storage Systems in Autonomous Microgrids Under Denial-of-Service Cyber-Attacks.IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid. Khan, R., Maynard, P., McLaughlin, K., Laverty, D., Sezer, S. (2016, August). Threat Analysis of BlackEnergy Malware for Synchrophasor based Real-time Control and Monitoring in Smart Grid. InICS-CSR. Kumar, U., Pandey, S. K. (2016, August). Dynamic Model on DDoS Attack in Computer Network. InProceedings of the International Conference on Informatics and Analytics(p. 11). ACM. Somani, G., Gaur, M. S., Sanghi, D., Conti, M., Rajarajan, M. (2016). DDoS victim service containment to minimize the internal collateral damages in cloud computing.Computers Electrical Engineering. Wu, Y., Wei, Z., Weng, J., Li, X., Deng, R. H. (2017). Resonance Attacks on Load Frequency Control of Smart Grids.IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid.